SOCS 185 Week 3 Discussion: Conformity and Deviance

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Chamberlain University

SOCS-185 Culture and Society

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Conformity and deviance are essential aspects of sociological study, with much focus on how people respond to societal norms. Social psychologist Irving Janis introduced the concept of groupthink, which explains how individuals in groups may act in ways they would not if alone. This concept, alongside the study of deviance and social control, plays a significant role in understanding human behavior within societal structures. In this article, we delve into the concept of deviance, specifically focusing on tattoos, as a form of social deviation, and examine how societal perceptions of tattoos have evolved over time.

Groupthink and the Influence of Conformity

Groupthink, a term coined by Irving Janis, refers to the tendency of group members to prioritize harmony and consensus over critical evaluation of alternative viewpoints. This phenomenon can lead individuals to make decisions they might otherwise deem unwise if they were not influenced by the group. Historically, groupthink has played a role in many significant societal events where collective decisions led to harmful consequences, such as in the case of major political or corporate scandals.

For example, during the Bay of Pigs invasion in 1961, groupthink among U.S. government officials led to the approval of a disastrous military operation. Many of those involved privately had reservations but feared challenging the consensus. This illustrates how groupthink can cause individuals to conform, even when they know the course of action is flawed. Understanding how groupthink influences behavior highlights the broader implications of social control and conformity.

Tattoos as a Form of Deviance

One form of deviance that has been examined over time is tattoos. Tattoos have long been a subject of controversy, seen by some as a form of self-expression while others view them as a rejection of social norms. Historically, tattoos were associated with marginalized groups and criminality. However, societal perceptions of tattoos have significantly shifted over the past few decades, and what was once considered deviant behavior has become a mainstream form of self-expression.

Historical Context of Tattoos: From Deviance to Acceptance

Tattoos have evolved from their ancient roots, where they were often used by tribes to signify social status, strength, or spiritual significance, to their modern-day representation as personal art. In the 19th century, tattoos were predominantly seen as deviant, often linked to sailors, criminals, and the working class. The general public regarded tattoos as a form of rebellion, an indication of individuals stepping outside the accepted norms of society.

The stigma surrounding tattoos has diminished significantly in recent years. Today, tattoos are seen as a form of art, allowing individuals to showcase their personality, beliefs, or creativity. The growing acceptance of tattoos across various demographics signifies a shift in societal attitudes, as tattoos have become more common among professionals, celebrities, and even political figures. This shift reflects a broader societal change in how deviance is understood and tolerated over time.

Tattoos and Rational Choice Theory of Deviance

Tattoos also provide a compelling example of the Rational Choice Theory of deviance. According to this theory, individuals weigh the benefits and risks before engaging in deviant behavior. When people choose to get tattoos, they evaluate factors such as the aesthetic appeal, personal significance, and potential societal reactions. The decision to get a tattoo is often based on the perceived rewards, such as self-expression, identity, or cultural belonging, versus the risks, which might include societal judgment or the possibility of regret.

From a sociological perspective, tattoos are not inherently criminal or deviant. However, they are often associated with subcultures or individuals perceived as outside the mainstream. Kendall (2018) notes that body modifications, including tattoos and piercings, can be seen as deviant in some social contexts due to their non-conformity with traditional beauty standards. Despite this, tattoos are not criminal in nature, and their increasing popularity points to a societal shift in how deviance is defined.

While tattoos were once considered markers of rebellion, the modern perspective on tattoos is increasingly positive. Over time, societal norms have relaxed, allowing for more widespread acceptance of tattoos in various social contexts. A significant shift occurred in the 1980s and 1990s when tattoos became popular among young people and later gained traction in the workplace. Tattoos have gradually shed their negative stigma, with many individuals embracing them as a legitimate form of personal expression.

Moreover, technological advancements, such as tattoo removal, have also contributed to the changing perceptions of tattoos. While tattoo removal is not without its risks, it signifies that individuals can now alter their bodies more easily, allowing for a more flexible view of body modification. This evolution in technology reflects the broader societal trend of greater acceptance and understanding of personal choices related to body art.

Tattoos, though now largely accepted, continue to provoke diverse opinions. For some, tattoos remain a form of deviance, while others see them as a tool for artistic expression. Tattoos allow individuals to challenge societal norms, showcasing their unique identities in ways that previous generations may not have been able to. As tattoos have become more mainstream, their significance has shifted. They no longer represent rebellion but rather signify individuality, empowerment, and freedom.

It is important to consider that the perception of tattoos still varies across different cultures, social classes, and generations. What one person views as a beautiful work of art, another might consider an act of deviance. The generational gap in attitudes toward tattoos remains significant, with younger generations more likely to embrace tattoos than older ones. The evolving societal view of tattoos provides a lens through which we can explore broader themes of deviance and social control.

Conclusion

The study of conformity and deviance, particularly through the lens of tattoos, provides valuable insights into the dynamics of social control. Tattoos, once a symbol of rebellion, have evolved into a widely accepted form of self-expression. The rational choice theory of deviance offers a useful framework for understanding the decision-making process behind getting a tattoo, as individuals weigh the benefits and risks. As societal perceptions of tattoos continue to change, they serve as a reflection of how deviance is viewed and understood in different contexts.

Understanding how groupthink and deviance intersect in shaping behavior can help us better understand human actions in both individual and group settings. Tattoos, as a form of deviance, provide a compelling example of how societal attitudes toward behaviors can shift over time, challenging long-held norms and fostering new cultural trends.

References

Kendall, D. (2018). Sociology in our times: The essentials (11th ed.). Boston: Cengage Learning.