NR 585 Week 4

NR 585 Week 4

Student Name

Chamberlain University

NR-585: Research Methods and Evidence-Based Practice for Advanced Nursing Practice

Prof. Name:

Date

Literature Summary on Exercise and Depression in Older Adults

PICOT Statement

In older adult patients with major depressive disorder (P), does exercise (I) compared to antidepressant medication usage (C) reduce depressive symptoms (O) after eight weeks (T)?

Review of Scholarly Literature

Study on Exercise and Depression in Older Adults

Galán-Arroyo et al. (2022) conducted a cross-sectional study to identify patient profiles of older adults with depression, aiming to optimize public health guidelines and recommendations. The Yesavage Scale for Geriatric Depression was used to measure depression levels among 1,972 participants aged 59 and older. The findings highlighted gender differences, showing a significantly higher percentage of female participants. However, a limitation was that the sample did not accurately represent the broader population of older adults with depression, as many cases go undiagnosed due to age-related symptoms. The study suggests that exercise interventions should be tailored, with a greater focus on engaging men in physical activity programs.

Qualitative Study on Integrating Physical Activity into Depression Treatment

Machaczek et al. (2022) explored the factors influencing the integration of physical activity into depression treatment. This qualitative study used in-depth interviews with 12 participants aged 18 and older, all diagnosed with depression by a general practitioner. Thematic analysis revealed that individual, social, and socioeconomic factors significantly impacted exercise participation. The study’s limitation was its small sample size and lack of diversity, necessitating further research. The insights gathered provide valuable perspectives on how physical activity can be effectively incorporated into depression treatment plans.

Systematic Review on Exercise as a Treatment for Depression

Noetel et al. (2024) conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 218 studies, involving 14,170 participants, to compare the effects of exercise with psychotherapy and antidepressants. The study found that walking, yoga, and strength training were the most effective exercises for reducing depression symptoms. While the findings were robust, there was a publication bias favoring exercise, which could limit the generalizability of the results. The study supports incorporating various exercise modalities into depression treatment plans.

Meta-Analysis on Physical Exercise for Major Depressive Disorder

Pérez Bedoya et al. (2023) conducted a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials involving 678 adults with major depressive disorder (MDD) who were not receiving other treatments. The study found a small but positive effect of exercise on reducing depressive symptoms. However, methodological limitations affected the certainty of the findings, with variables such as exercise intensity, duration, and participant characteristics influencing outcomes. The study underscores the need for more precise guidelines on exercise prescriptions for MDD.

Review on Exercise Mechanisms in Depression Treatment

Xie et al. (2021) investigated how exercise affects depression treatment, reviewing clinical studies published between 2010 and 2021. The study found that exercise was effective for patients aged 18–65 but emphasized the lack of standardized exercise programs regarding type, intensity, and duration. The findings suggest that patients should engage in moderate-intensity exercise three to five times per week for 4–16 weeks. The study advocates for personalized exercise plans for depression treatment.

References

Galán-Arroyo, C., Pereira-Payo, D., Hernández-Mocholí, M. Á., Merellano-Navarro, E., Pérez-Gómez, J., Rojo-Ramos, J., & Adsuar, J. C. (2022). Depression and exercise in older adults: Exercise looks after you program, user profile. Healthcare, 10(2), 181. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020181

Machaczek, K. K., Allmark, P., Pollard, N., Goyder, E., Shea, M., Horspool, M., Lee, S., De-La-Haye, S., Copeland, R., & Weich, S. (2022). Integrating physical activity into the treatment of depression in adults: A qualitative enquiry. Health & Social Care in the Community, 30(3), 1006–1017. https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13283

Noetel, M., Sanders, T., Gallardo-Gómez, D., Taylor, P., Del Pozo Cruz, B., Van Den Hoek, D., Smith, J. J., Mahoney, J., Spathis, J., Moresi, M., Pagano, R., Pagano, L., Vasconcellos, R., Arnott, H., Varley, B., Parker, P., Biddle, S., & Lonsdale, C. (2024). Effect of exercise for depression: Systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ, 384. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2023-075847

NR 585 Week 4

Pérez Bedoya, P., Puerta-López, L. F., López Galvis, D. A., Rojas Jaimes, D. A., & Moreira, O. C. (2023). Physical exercise and major depressive disorder in adults: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 13223. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-39783-2

Xie, Y., Wu, Z., Sun, L., Zhou, L., Wang, G., Xiao, L., & Wang, H. (2021). The effects and mechanisms of exercise on the treatment of depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12, 705559. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.705559