NR 325 Pre-Simulation – Carl Rogers

NR 325 Pre-Simulation – Carl Rogers

Student Name

Chamberlain University

NR-325 Adult Health II

Prof. Name:

Date

Exam #2 Study Guide

Content Overview

Head Injury

• Seizure Precautions:
  • Any brain-related procedure or problem may trigger a seizure. Anticipate this and administer anticonvulsants for prevention.
• Signs and Symptoms (S&S):
  • Leakage of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
  • Discolorations indicating underlying damage.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP):
  • S&S: Headache, nausea, vomiting, altered consciousness.
  • Management: Position the patient with the head elevated to 30 degrees, administer diuretics, and monitor pressure.
  • Monitoring Tools: Use intracranial monitors and frequent neurological assessments.
• Glasgow Coma Scale: Used for assessing consciousness levels.
• Postures: Decorticate posturing as a sign of severe brain injury.

Stroke

• Types: Differentiate ischemic, hemorrhagic, and transient ischemic attacks (TIA).
• Management:
  • Maintain a patent airway.
  • Conduct a swallow test.
  • Obtain a CT scan immediately to identify the stroke type and guide treatment.
• Treatment and Interventions:
  • Thrombolytic therapy for ischemic strokes.
  • Tailored interventions for each stroke type.
• Left-Sided vs. Right-Sided Strokes: Know differences in presentation and management.
• Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA):
  • Short-lived symptoms.
  • Manage to prevent progression to a full stroke.

Seizures

• Types: Generalized, focal, and status epilepticus.
• Precautions: Ensure patient safety during seizures.
• Medications:
  • Familiarize yourself with antiepileptic drugs and their implications.

Specific Conditions

Meningitis

• S&S: Fever, headache, neck stiffness, altered mental status.
• Management: Treat with appropriate antibiotics or antivirals, and provide supportive care.
• Testing: Lumbar puncture to analyze CSF.

Neurodegenerative Diseases

• Parkinson’s Disease: Characterized by tremors, bradykinesia, and rigidity.
• Alzheimer’s Disease: A form of dementia; presents with memory loss, confusion, and difficulty in daily activities.

Increased Intracranial Pressure (ICP)

• Symptoms: Persistent headache, altered level of consciousness.
• Normal Value: 5–15 mmHg.
• Implications: Avoid activities that increase ICP.
• Treatment: Diuretics, corticosteroids, and positioning.

Cranial Nerves and Brain Anatomy

• Cranial Nerves: Know their names, numbers, and functions.
• Brain Functions: Cerebellum controls balance (test using the Romberg Test).

Neuromuscular Disorders

• Myasthenia Gravis: Muscle weakness; diagnosis involves Tensilon Testing.
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): Progressive muscle wasting; focus on respiratory care.
• Guillain-Barré Syndrome: Prioritize respiratory management and physical therapy.

Other Conditions

• Delirium: Acute confusion; prioritize safety measures.
• Spinal Cord Injury: Understand levels (e.g., T12, C9) and associated complications.

Gastrointestinal Disorders

Gallbladder Disease

• Types: Inflammation or gallstones.
• Post-Surgical Care: Pain management and dietary modifications.

Pancreatitis

• Types: Acute (hypocalcemia) and chronic.
• Management: Pain control, nutritional support, and monitoring lab values.

Liver Conditions

• Hepatitis: Understand the types and modes of transmission.
• Cirrhosis:
  • S&S: Edema, weight gain, jaundice.
  • Complications: Varices and bleeding require immediate management.
• Pancreatic and Liver Cancer:
  • Identify risk factors and provide priority care.

Table Format

References

American Psychological Association. (2020). Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (7th ed.). Washington, DC: Author.

NR 325 Pre-Simulation – Carl Rogers