D343 Behavioral Health Quality and Safety Training Script

D343 Behavioral Health Quality and Safety Training Script

Student Name

Western Governors University

D343 Foundations of Advanced Psychiatric Mental Health Practice

Prof. Name:

Date

D343 Behavioral Health Quality and Safety Training Script

Presentation Script: Behavioral Health Quality and Safety

This presentation addresses foundational concepts related to quality, safety, ethics, and equity in behavioral health care. Drawing from advanced psychiatric mental health nursing practice, the discussion emphasizes patient-centered, ethical, and evidence-based approaches that promote safety, dignity, and optimal outcomes for individuals receiving behavioral health services. Safety is framed broadly to include physical protection, psychological security, and the creation of therapeutic environments that support recovery and healing.

The presentation explores how quality and safety education improves patient outcomes, the application of value-based care in behavioral health, ethical and legal considerations surrounding confidentiality, and key ethical principles guiding practice. It also examines federal legislation impacting equitable treatment, the role of advocacy organizations such as the National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI), and the influence of health technology, therapeutic communication, collaborative care models, and cultural sensitivity in psychiatric mental health practice. Collectively, these topics reinforce a shared professional responsibility to deliver high-quality, compassionate, and equitable behavioral health care.

How Can Quality and Safety Education Improve Patient Outcomes for Behavioral Health Patients?

Quality and safety education is a critical driver of improved outcomes in behavioral health settings. Such education equips healthcare professionals with the knowledge and competencies necessary to recognize risks, prevent errors, and deliver coordinated, evidence-based care. Behavioral health patients often present with complex clinical profiles that include psychiatric conditions, chronic medical comorbidities, and psychosocial stressors. Education focused on quality and safety enhances providers’ ability to manage medication interactions, recognize early warning signs of decompensation, and implement integrated treatment approaches.

Improved care coordination is a central outcome of quality and safety education. Interdisciplinary collaboration becomes more effective when providers share a common understanding of patient safety principles, clinical guidelines, and communication strategies. This coordination supports the development of comprehensive treatment plans that address biological, psychological, and social dimensions of health. As a result, patients experience safer care, improved symptom management, and greater continuity across care settings.

Beyond clinical outcomes, quality and safety education positively influences the patient experience. Emphasizing patient-centered care, risk reduction, and continuous improvement fosters trust, engagement, and satisfaction. Ultimately, embedding quality and safety principles into behavioral health practice contributes to sustainable improvements in mental health outcomes at both individual and population levels.

How Is Value-Based Care Applied in the Behavioral Health Setting?

Value-based care in behavioral health represents a shift from service volume to meaningful outcomes, emphasizing quality, efficiency, and patient satisfaction. Rather than focusing solely on the number of visits or interventions provided, value-based models assess outcomes that matter most to patients, including symptom reduction, functional improvement, and overall quality of life.

In behavioral health settings, value-based care promotes active patient engagement and shared decision-making. Providers collaborate with patients to develop treatment plans that align with individual goals, preferences, and values. This collaborative approach enhances treatment adherence, strengthens therapeutic alliances, and improves long-term outcomes. Additionally, value-based care encourages the integration of behavioral health and primary care services, recognizing the strong interrelationship between mental and physical health.

By aligning reimbursement with outcomes, value-based care incentivizes innovation, care coordination, and continuous quality improvement. In behavioral health, this model supports accessible, affordable, and effective services while addressing the complex and ongoing needs of individuals with mental health and substance use disorders.

Describe Elements of Behavioral Health Settings That Support Patient-Centered Care in the Least Restrictive Environment

Patient-centered care delivered in the least restrictive environment is a cornerstone of ethical and effective behavioral health practice. This approach prioritizes autonomy, recovery, and community integration while ensuring patient safety.

Collaborative and Individualized Care Approaches

Behavioral health settings emphasize collaborative treatment planning that actively involves patients and, when appropriate, their families and support systems. Individualized care plans are developed based on each patient’s strengths, needs, cultural background, and personal goals. Shared decision-making empowers patients to participate meaningfully in their care and supports informed choices regarding treatment options.

Supportive Services and Crisis Management

Personalized support services, including peer support, counseling, case management, and vocational rehabilitation, enhance functional recovery and resilience. Timely crisis intervention and stabilization services help manage acute symptoms while minimizing unnecessary hospitalization. These interventions prioritize treatment in community-based or outpatient settings whenever clinically appropriate.

Rights Protection, Community Integration, and Education

Protecting patient rights through advocacy, informed consent, and confidentiality is essential to patient-centered care. Behavioral health settings also promote community reintegration through supported housing, employment programs, and social inclusion initiatives. Ongoing education and self-management support enable patients to understand their conditions, develop coping strategies, and maintain long-term wellness.

Discuss Policies and Principles Associated With the Practice of Behavioral Healthcare

The practice of behavioral healthcare is guided by a comprehensive framework of ethical principles, professional standards, and regulatory policies designed to ensure safe, effective, and equitable care.

Core Policies and Principles in Behavioral Healthcare

Together, these policies and principles establish a foundation for accountable, ethical, and patient-focused behavioral healthcare practice.

Describe the Concept of Patient Confidentiality From an Ethical and Legal Perspective

Patient confidentiality is a fundamental obligation in healthcare that encompasses both ethical responsibilities and legal mandates. Ethically, confidentiality reflects respect for patient autonomy and the right to control personal health information. Safeguarding privacy fosters trust, which is essential for effective therapeutic relationships and open communication in behavioral health care.

From a legal standpoint, confidentiality is governed by federal and state regulations, most notably the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA). HIPAA establishes standards for the protection of individually identifiable health information and outlines permissible disclosures. While confidentiality is the default expectation, exceptions exist in situations involving imminent risk, abuse or neglect reporting, public health concerns, or court आदेश.

Healthcare providers must balance ethical principles such as beneficence and nonmaleficence with legal obligations to disclose information when required. Breaches of confidentiality carry significant legal and professional consequences, reinforcing the importance of vigilance, informed consent, and sound clinical judgment in managing patient information.

Describe Two Ethical Principles Associated With Treating Behavioral Health Patients

Two ethical principles that are particularly central to behavioral health practice are autonomy and beneficence. Autonomy refers to respecting patients’ rights to make informed decisions about their care. In behavioral health settings, honoring autonomy supports empowerment, recovery, and engagement, even when decision-making capacity may fluctuate.

Beneficence involves the obligation to act in the patient’s best interest by promoting well-being and minimizing harm. This principle guides clinicians to select interventions that offer the greatest potential benefit while considering risks, patient preferences, and long-term outcomes. Together, autonomy and beneficence provide a framework for ethical decision-making and patient-centered care in complex clinical situations.

Explain How the Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008 Relates to Prevention and Equitable Treatment in Behavioral Health Conditions

The Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA) of 2008 promotes equitable treatment by requiring insurance coverage for mental health and substance use disorder services to be comparable to coverage for medical and surgical services. This legislation prohibits discriminatory financial requirements and treatment limitations that historically restricted access to behavioral health care.

By reducing financial and structural barriers, MHPAEA supports early intervention, prevention, and continuity of care. Equitable coverage enables individuals to access necessary services without undue hardship, contributing to improved outcomes and reduced disparities in behavioral health treatment.

Explain How the Americans With Disabilities Act Relates to Prevention and Equitable Treatment in Behavioral Health Conditions

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990 is a civil rights law that prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities, including those with mental health and substance use disorders. The ADA ensures equal access to employment, education, public services, and healthcare, and requires reasonable accommodations to support participation and inclusion.

In behavioral health contexts, the ADA promotes prevention and equitable treatment by protecting individuals from exclusion and stigma while supporting community-based services and independent living. By reinforcing dignity, inclusion, and equal opportunity, the ADA plays a critical role in advancing mental health equity and reducing systemic barriers.

Describe the Role of NAMI in Addressing Disparities and Stigma in Behavioral Health

The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) plays a vital role in reducing disparities and stigma through advocacy, education, and community engagement. NAMI advocates for policies that expand access to mental health services, strengthen parity enforcement, and protect the rights of individuals with mental illness and their families.

Through evidence-based education programs, peer support initiatives, and public awareness campaigns, NAMI fosters understanding, empowerment, and stigma reduction. Its partnerships with communities, schools, employers, and policymakers enhance collective efforts to address inequities and improve behavioral health outcomes nationwide.

Explain How Health Technology Influences the PMHNP’s Ability to Provide Quality Patient Care

Health technology plays a transformative role in enhancing the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner’s (PMHNP’s) ability to deliver high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The integration of digital tools and informatics supports improved access, efficiency, accuracy, and continuity of mental health services across diverse care settings.

Health technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), telepsychiatry platforms, clinical decision support systems, and mobile health applications allow PMHNPs to access real-time patient data, monitor treatment progress, and coordinate care with interdisciplinary teams. These tools enhance clinical decision-making by supporting evidence-based practice and reducing the likelihood of errors related to medication management or fragmented care.

Additionally, technology increases access to mental health services, particularly for underserved or rural populations. Telehealth platforms reduce barriers related to transportation, stigma, and provider shortages, allowing patients to receive timely care. Patient-facing technologies also promote engagement by enabling self-monitoring, appointment reminders, and secure communication with providers. Collectively, health technology strengthens the PMHNP’s capacity to address complex mental health needs while improving outcomes, satisfaction, and overall quality of care.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Orientation Phase

Therapeutic communication during the orientation phase establishes the foundation of the therapeutic relationship between the PMHNP and the patient. This phase focuses on building trust, clarifying roles, and creating a psychologically safe environment in which the patient feels respected and understood.

During the orientation phase, communication centers on introducing the purpose and structure of therapy, gathering comprehensive psychosocial and clinical information, and identifying the patient’s concerns, expectations, and goals. The PMHNP employs active listening, empathy, open-ended questioning, and nonjudgmental responses to foster rapport and reduce anxiety. Clear explanations regarding confidentiality, treatment processes, and mutual responsibilities help establish transparency and trust.

This phase also emphasizes patient education and motivation for engagement in care. By validating the patient’s experiences and encouraging collaboration, the PMHNP sets the stage for a strong therapeutic alliance that supports meaningful participation and positive outcomes throughout treatment.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Working Phase

The working phase of the therapeutic relationship is characterized by active intervention, problem-solving, and goal-directed collaboration. Therapeutic communication during this phase becomes more focused and intentional, supporting emotional exploration, behavioral change, and skill development.

In this phase, the PMHNP facilitates deeper discussion of underlying issues, encourages emotional expression, and assists patients in identifying maladaptive patterns and coping strategies. Communication techniques such as reflection, clarification, confrontation (when appropriate), and reinforcement are used to promote insight and growth. Ongoing assessment of progress and adjustment of interventions ensure that care remains responsive to the patient’s evolving needs.

Collaboration and empathy remain central throughout the working phase. By maintaining a supportive and respectful communication style, the PMHNP empowers patients to take an active role in their recovery, strengthening self-efficacy and promoting sustained improvements in mental health and overall well-being.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Termination Phase

Therapeutic communication during the termination phase is essential for providing closure, reinforcing progress, and preparing the patient for independence following the conclusion of formal therapy. This phase marks the transition from structured therapeutic support to self-directed management and external resources.

Communication during termination focuses on reviewing treatment goals, acknowledging accomplishments, and reflecting on personal growth achieved throughout the therapeutic process. The PMHNP supports the patient in identifying ongoing coping strategies, relapse prevention plans, and community or follow-up resources as needed. Addressing feelings related to separation, such as anxiety or grief, is also an important component of this phase.

By emphasizing empowerment, self-confidence, and readiness for continued self-care, therapeutic communication during termination helps consolidate gains and supports long-term stability beyond the therapeutic relationship.

Discuss How the Patient and Their Family/Caregivers’ Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Communication

Assessing health literacy during communication is essential to ensure that patients and their family or caregivers can understand, process, and apply health information effectively. Health literacy assessment begins with observation and dialogue during routine interactions.

The PMHNP evaluates verbal and nonverbal responses to determine comprehension, preferred learning styles, and potential barriers such as language differences or limited educational background. Questions regarding preferred language, educational level, and learning preferences provide insight into communication needs. Observing how patients interact with written materials, such as intake forms or educational brochures, further informs assessment.

Standardized tools may also be used to formally assess health literacy.

Common Health Literacy Assessment Tools

Assessment extends to family members and caregivers through direct conversation, observation, and open-ended questioning regarding their understanding of diagnoses, treatment plans, and care responsibilities. Cultural and linguistic factors are carefully considered to ensure inclusivity and accuracy.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Confirmation of Understanding

Confirmation of understanding is a critical strategy for evaluating health literacy and ensuring effective communication. This process verifies that information has been accurately understood and can be applied appropriately.

The PMHNP uses teach-back methods, asking patients and caregivers to explain information in their own words. Observing verbal responses and nonverbal cues helps identify confusion or uncertainty. Open-ended questions allow deeper exploration of understanding related to medication management, symptom monitoring, and follow-up care.

Plain language is consistently used to reduce complexity, and patients are encouraged to ask questions without fear of judgment. Summarizing key points and requesting confirmation reinforces comprehension. Documentation of understanding and identified gaps ensures continuity of education and follow-up.

Benefits of confirmation of understanding include improved adherence, reduced errors, and increased patient empowerment through informed participation in care.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Creativity

Assessing health literacy through creativity involves using innovative and engaging approaches to enhance understanding and retention of health information. Creative communication methods allow PMHNPs to tailor education to individual learning preferences and cognitive abilities.

Techniques such as storytelling, analogies, and metaphors help simplify complex mental health concepts. Visual tools, including infographics and diagrams, support comprehension for visual learners. Interactive technologies such as mobile applications, simulations, or virtual platforms encourage hands-on engagement and active learning.

Involving patients and caregivers in co-creating educational materials ensures relevance and alignment with their literacy levels and cultural values. Role-playing, gamification, and interactive quizzes provide opportunities to assess understanding in dynamic and meaningful ways.

Creative assessment strategies enhance engagement, personalize education, and support long-term retention, ultimately contributing to improved decision-making and health outcomes.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Clarification and Questioning

Clarification and questioning are essential components of health literacy assessment, enabling PMHNPs to identify misunderstandings and reinforce accurate information. This process relies on respectful dialogue, active listening, and ongoing evaluation of comprehension.

Patients and caregivers are encouraged to ask questions freely, creating an environment of psychological safety and trust. The PMHNP listens attentively to concerns and uses open-ended questions to assess understanding of diagnoses, treatment options, and care instructions.

Misconceptions are addressed promptly using plain language, repetition, and clarification techniques. Teach-back methods are frequently employed to confirm accurate understanding. Through continuous clarification and questioning, PMHNPs ensure that patients and caregivers are well-informed, confident, and capable of participating actively in care decisions.

Explain How Health Technology Influences the PMHNP’s Ability to Provide Quality Patient Care

Health technology plays a transformative role in enhancing the Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner’s (PMHNP’s) ability to deliver high-quality, safe, and patient-centered care. The integration of digital tools and informatics supports improved access, efficiency, accuracy, and continuity of mental health services across diverse care settings.

Health technologies such as electronic health records (EHRs), telepsychiatry platforms, clinical decision support systems, and mobile health applications allow PMHNPs to access real-time patient data, monitor treatment progress, and coordinate care with interdisciplinary teams. These tools enhance clinical decision-making by supporting evidence-based practice and reducing the likelihood of errors related to medication management or fragmented care.

Additionally, technology increases access to mental health services, particularly for underserved or rural populations. Telehealth platforms reduce barriers related to transportation, stigma, and provider shortages, allowing patients to receive timely care. Patient-facing technologies also promote engagement by enabling self-monitoring, appointment reminders, and secure communication with providers. Collectively, health technology strengthens the PMHNP’s capacity to address complex mental health needs while improving outcomes, satisfaction, and overall quality of care.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Orientation Phase

Therapeutic communication during the orientation phase establishes the foundation of the therapeutic relationship between the PMHNP and the patient. This phase focuses on building trust, clarifying roles, and creating a psychologically safe environment in which the patient feels respected and understood.

During the orientation phase, communication centers on introducing the purpose and structure of therapy, gathering comprehensive psychosocial and clinical information, and identifying the patient’s concerns, expectations, and goals. The PMHNP employs active listening, empathy, open-ended questioning, and nonjudgmental responses to foster rapport and reduce anxiety. Clear explanations regarding confidentiality, treatment processes, and mutual responsibilities help establish transparency and trust.

This phase also emphasizes patient education and motivation for engagement in care. By validating the patient’s experiences and encouraging collaboration, the PMHNP sets the stage for a strong therapeutic alliance that supports meaningful participation and positive outcomes throughout treatment.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Working Phase

The working phase of the therapeutic relationship is characterized by active intervention, problem-solving, and goal-directed collaboration. Therapeutic communication during this phase becomes more focused and intentional, supporting emotional exploration, behavioral change, and skill development.

In this phase, the PMHNP facilitates deeper discussion of underlying issues, encourages emotional expression, and assists patients in identifying maladaptive patterns and coping strategies. Communication techniques such as reflection, clarification, confrontation (when appropriate), and reinforcement are used to promote insight and growth. Ongoing assessment of progress and adjustment of interventions ensure that care remains responsive to the patient’s evolving needs.

Collaboration and empathy remain central throughout the working phase. By maintaining a supportive and respectful communication style, the PMHNP empowers patients to take an active role in their recovery, strengthening self-efficacy and promoting sustained improvements in mental health and overall well-being.

Discuss Therapeutic Communication During the Termination Phase

Therapeutic communication during the termination phase is essential for providing closure, reinforcing progress, and preparing the patient for independence following the conclusion of formal therapy. This phase marks the transition from structured therapeutic support to self-directed management and external resources.

Communication during termination focuses on reviewing treatment goals, acknowledging accomplishments, and reflecting on personal growth achieved throughout the therapeutic process. The PMHNP supports the patient in identifying ongoing coping strategies, relapse prevention plans, and community or follow-up resources as needed. Addressing feelings related to separation, such as anxiety or grief, is also an important component of this phase.

By emphasizing empowerment, self-confidence, and readiness for continued self-care, therapeutic communication during termination helps consolidate gains and supports long-term stability beyond the therapeutic relationship.

Discuss How the Patient and Their Family/Caregivers’ Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Communication

Assessing health literacy during communication is essential to ensure that patients and their family or caregivers can understand, process, and apply health information effectively. Health literacy assessment begins with observation and dialogue during routine interactions.

The PMHNP evaluates verbal and nonverbal responses to determine comprehension, preferred learning styles, and potential barriers such as language differences or limited educational background. Questions regarding preferred language, educational level, and learning preferences provide insight into communication needs. Observing how patients interact with written materials, such as intake forms or educational brochures, further informs assessment.

Standardized tools may also be used to formally assess health literacy.

Common Health Literacy Assessment Tools

Assessment extends to family members and caregivers through direct conversation, observation, and open-ended questioning regarding their understanding of diagnoses, treatment plans, and care responsibilities. Cultural and linguistic factors are carefully considered to ensure inclusivity and accuracy.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Confirmation of Understanding

Confirmation of understanding is a critical strategy for evaluating health literacy and ensuring effective communication. This process verifies that information has been accurately understood and can be applied appropriately.

The PMHNP uses teach-back methods, asking patients and caregivers to explain information in their own words. Observing verbal responses and nonverbal cues helps identify confusion or uncertainty. Open-ended questions allow deeper exploration of understanding related to medication management, symptom monitoring, and follow-up care.

Plain language is consistently used to reduce complexity, and patients are encouraged to ask questions without fear of judgment. Summarizing key points and requesting confirmation reinforces comprehension. Documentation of understanding and identified gaps ensures continuity of education and follow-up.

Benefits of confirmation of understanding include improved adherence, reduced errors, and increased patient empowerment through informed participation in care.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Creativity

Assessing health literacy through creativity involves using innovative and engaging approaches to enhance understanding and retention of health information. Creative communication methods allow PMHNPs to tailor education to individual learning preferences and cognitive abilities.

Techniques such as storytelling, analogies, and metaphors help simplify complex mental health concepts. Visual tools, including infographics and diagrams, support comprehension for visual learners. Interactive technologies such as mobile applications, simulations, or virtual platforms encourage hands-on engagement and active learning.

Involving patients and caregivers in co-creating educational materials ensures relevance and alignment with their literacy levels and cultural values. Role-playing, gamification, and interactive quizzes provide opportunities to assess understanding in dynamic and meaningful ways.

Creative assessment strategies enhance engagement, personalize education, and support long-term retention, ultimately contributing to improved decision-making and health outcomes.

Discuss How Health Literacy Needs Are Assessed During Clarification and Questioning

Clarification and questioning are essential components of health literacy assessment, enabling PMHNPs to identify misunderstandings and reinforce accurate information. This process relies on respectful dialogue, active listening, and ongoing evaluation of comprehension.

Patients and caregivers are encouraged to ask questions freely, creating an environment of psychological safety and trust. The PMHNP listens attentively to concerns and uses open-ended questions to assess understanding of diagnoses, treatment options, and care instructions.

Misconceptions are addressed promptly using plain language, repetition, and clarification techniques. Teach-back methods are frequently employed to confirm accurate understanding. Through continuous clarification and questioning, PMHNPs ensure that patients and caregivers are well-informed, confident, and capable of participating actively in care decisions.

Spirituality and Religion in Care Planning

• Many cultures integrate spirituality and religion as core components of their health beliefs and practices.

• Healthcare providers should understand and respect these aspects when developing care plans.

• Incorporating meaningful spiritual practices or rituals into care can enhance patient engagement and holistic healing.

Communication and Language Considerations

Language Preferences

• Identifying patients’ preferred language is essential for effective communication.

• Provide language interpretation services as needed to ensure clear and accurate dialogue.

Non-Verbal Communication

• Different cultures have varying norms for eye contact, gestures, and personal space.

• Awareness of these differences helps avoid misunderstandings and fosters rapport-building.

Tailoring Care Plans Through Cultural Competence

Building Trust and Engagement

• Respect for cultural diversity fosters trust between patients and providers.

• Patients who feel their cultural values are acknowledged tend to participate actively in care.

• Shared decision-making based on mutual trust and cultural understanding improves treatment adherence.

Addressing Health Disparities

• Identifying and overcoming barriers such as language, cultural mistrust, and health literacy improves healthcare access and equity.

• Implementing cultural sensitivity training helps healthcare teams better serve diverse populations by increasing awareness and reducing biases.

Ethical Considerations in Cultural Care

• Respect for Autonomy: Recognize patients as individuals with unique cultural identities and uphold their right to make informed decisions.

• Avoiding Stereotypes and Bias: Challenge assumptions and provide equitable care free from prejudice.

Summary: Cultural Considerations in Care Planning

• Cultural sensitivity enhances understanding, communication, and trust.

• Integration of cultural competence leads to improved health outcomes, reduced disparities, and higher quality of care.

Patient Factors Influencing the Care Planning Process

Patient factors shape assessment, goal setting, and treatment planning. Key factors include:

Importance of Addressing Patient Factors

• Supports personalized care aligned with individual needs.

• Enhances patient engagement and autonomy.

• Improves treatment adherence and outcomes.

Two Strategies for Improving Cultural Competent Care by Nurse Practitioners (NPs)

These strategies foster patient trust, satisfaction, and reduce healthcare disparities.

Two Evidence-Based Psychotherapeutic Modalities for Diverse Populations

Both modalities can be tailored to respect cultural beliefs, improving therapeutic outcomes.

Summary Takeaways

• Integrate cultural sensitivity and patient factors into care planning for better patient-centered care.

• Use evidence-based, culturally adapted psychotherapies such as CBT and EMDR.

• Continuous education and self-awareness are key for providers to enhance cultural competence.

• Understanding communication styles, spirituality, and practical barriers improves trust and adherence.

• Recognize ethical responsibilities including autonomy, dignity, and combating biases.

References

American Nurses Association. (2021). Nursing informatics: Scope and standards of practice (3rd ed.). ANA Publishing.

Health Resources and Services Administration. (2023). Health literacy and patient safety. https://www.hrsa.gov

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2023). Mental health education and advocacy. https://www.nami.org

Peplau, H. E. (1997). Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(4), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849701000407

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). Health literacy online: A guide for simplifying the user experience. https://www.health.gov

American Nurses Association. (2021). Nursing informatics: Scope and standards of practice (3rd ed.). ANA Publishing.

Health Resources and Services Administration. (2023). Health literacy and patient safety. https://www.hrsa.gov

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2023). Mental health education and advocacy. https://www.nami.org

Peplau, H. E. (1997). Peplau’s theory of interpersonal relations. Nursing Science Quarterly, 10(4), 162–167. https://doi.org/10.1177/089431849701000407

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2022). Health literacy online: A guide for simplifying the user experience. https://www.health.gov

American Psychiatric Association. (2020). The principles of medical ethics with annotations especially applicable to psychiatry. https://www.psychiatry.org

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, 45 C.F.R. §§ 160–164.

Mental Health Parity and Addiction Equity Act of 2008, 29 U.S.C. § 1185a.

National Alliance on Mental Illness. (2023). About NAMI. https://www.nami.org

U.S. Department of Justice. (2022). Americans with Disabilities Act. https://www.ada.gov

World Health Organization. (2022). Quality of care in mental health services. https://www.who.int