BIOS 256 Week 3 Case Study Metabolism

BIOS 256 Week 3 Case Study Metabolism

Student Name

Chamberlain University

BIOS-256: Anatomy & Physiology IV with Lab

Prof. Name:

Date

History and Presentation

BT is a 36-year-old female who has been experiencing painful urination for the past two days, along with increased frequency of urination. She does not report any fever or other symptoms. The patient mentions that her fluid intake has been lower than usual. Upon physical examination, her abdomen is soft and there are no signs of tenderness or masses.

Lab Findings and Assessment

A urinalysis using a “dipstick” test was performed, which revealed the presence of leukocytes and nitrites, suggesting a urinary tract infection (UTI). An unexpected finding in the urinalysis was the presence of ketones in the urine, a condition known as ketonuria. This suggests that excessive ketones are being produced and excreted in the urine, which warrants further investigation to determine the underlying cause.

Deliverables

1. Identify 2 potential causes of ketonuria.

• Diabetes: In cases of uncontrolled diabetes, the body does not have enough insulin to process glucose, leading to the breakdown of fats for energy. This process results in the formation of ketones.
• Glycogen storage disease: This rare condition affects the body’s ability to store and release glucose, leading to a reliance on fat breakdown for energy, which also results in ketone production.

2. Identify the nutrient involved in the formation of ketones.

• Ketones are formed when glucose, a primary energy source, is in short supply. In this case, the body breaks down fats to create ketones as an alternative energy source.

3. Describe the process of lipolysis and the formation of ketones.

• Lipolysis is the breakdown of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids. These products are then used by the body for energy. When glucose levels are insufficient, the liver breaks down fatty acids to form ketones, which can be used as an alternative fuel source.

4. Is the process in Q3 anabolic or catabolic?

• The process is catabolic, as it involves the breakdown of triglycerides into smaller molecules, such as glycerol and fatty acids, to release energy.

5. Predict the effect of excess ketones on the blood pH.

• Excess ketones can lead to metabolic acidosis, a condition where the blood pH drops due to the accumulation of ketones. This is known as ketoacidosis, which can be a serious complication, particularly in uncontrolled diabetes.

Table: Key Information Summary

References

Ketones. (2021). Understanding Type 2 Diabetes: How the Body Processes Sugar. Retrieved from https://dtc.ucsf.edu/types-of-diabetes/type2/understanding-type-2-diabetes/how-the-body-processes-sugar/ketones/

BIOS 256 Week 3 Case Study Metabolism