PSYC FPX 3110 Assessment 3 Living Criteria of the DSM

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Capella University

PSYC FPX 3110 Abnormal Psychology

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Date

Living Criteria of Bipolar Disorder in the DSM-5

Bipolar disorder is a complex mood disorder characterized by alternating episodes of mania and depression, classified within the DSM-5 by the American Psychiatric Association (APA, 2013). According to McIntyre and Calabrese (2019), bipolar disorder encompasses a spectrum of mood changes, including manic, depressive, and hypomanic episodes. The disorder is divided into two primary types: bipolar I disorder, which is marked by severe manic episodes often accompanied by psychotic features, and bipolar II disorder, which includes at least one hypomanic episode and recurrent depressive episodes (APA, 2013).

Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder

Diagnosing bipolar disorder involves distinguishing manic or hypomanic episodes from other mood disorders, such as Major Depressive Disorder (APA, 2013). Manic episodes typically last for weeks to months, while hypomanic episodes are shorter, lasting only a few days to weeks, and are indicative of bipolar II disorder. Although depression is a key feature of bipolar II disorder, it is also present in bipolar I disorder (McCormick et al., 2015). The differential diagnosis often employs screening tools followed by clinical interviews to evaluate symptomatology, functional impairment, and family history (McCormick et al., 2015).

Effects of Bipolar Disorder on Mariah Carey’s Career

Mariah Carey, a celebrated singer, publicly revealed her battle with bipolar II disorder in 2001, expressing that fear of stigma hindered her from seeking help (Cagle, 2018). Despite her immense talent and success, bipolar disorder impacted Carey’s career through symptoms such as insomnia, irritability, and depression, which led to challenges in completing work and strained relationships (Cagle, 2018).

Treatment of Bipolar Disorder

Treatment options for bipolar disorder encompass pharmacotherapy, psychosocial interventions, and support from family and friends. Pharmacotherapy typically includes mood stabilizers like sodium valproate and lamotrigine to manage symptoms and prevent relapse (Vieta et al., 2018). Psychosocial treatments, such as psychotherapy and group therapy, offer education and support to patients, facilitating medication adherence and symptom management (Vieta et al., 2018). Family and social support play a crucial role in promoting stability and recovery for individuals with bipolar disorder.

Professional Considerations in Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis and Treatment

It is essential for mental health professionals to understand the complexities of bipolar disorder and its differential diagnosis. Misdiagnosis can result in inappropriate treatment and worsening of symptoms (Hooley, Butcher, & Nock, 2019). Incorporating a variety of therapeutic approaches, including cognitive-behavioral and psychopharmacological interventions tailored to individual needs, is vital for achieving successful outcomes (Hooley, Butcher, & Nock, 2019).

Conclusion

Bipolar disorder presents significant challenges for individuals like Mariah Carey, underscoring the importance of early diagnosis and comprehensive treatment strategies. By addressing stigma, providing effective interventions, and fostering supportive systems, individuals with bipolar disorder can lead fulfilling lives. Understanding the intricacies of bipolar disorder is crucial for mental health professionals to deliver optimal care and support.

References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC.

Cagle, J. (2018). Mariah Carey: My battle with bipolar disorder. People.com. Retrieved from https://people.com/music/mariah-carey-bipolar-disorder-diagnosis-exclusive/

Hooley, J. M., Butcher, J. N., & Nock, M. K. (2019). Abnormal psychology (18th ed.). Pearson.

McCormick, U., Murray, B., & McNew, B. (2015). Diagnosis and treatment of patients with bipolar disorder: A review for advanced practice nurses. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27(9), 530-542.

McIntyre, R. S., & Calabrese, J. R. (2019). Bipolar depression: The clinical characteristics and unmet needs of a complex disorder. Current Medical Research and Opinion, 35(11), 1993-2005. Retrieved from https://tandonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03007995.2019.1636017