D311: Microbiology Lesson Quizzes & Section Tests Overview

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Western Governors University

D311 Microbiology with Lab: A Fundamental Approach

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Section 1 Quizzes & Test

Lesson 1 Quiz

1. Which statement describes prokaryotic cells?
   a) Prokaryotic cells are found in coccus form in both pairs and clusters.
   b) Prokaryotic cells have multiple rod-shaped chromosomes.
   c) Prokaryotic cells are found in chains of rods but not single rods.
   d) Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus surrounded by a complex nuclear membrane.

2. Which statement describes eukaryotic cells?
   a) The exoskeletons of eukaryotic cells maintain and support the cells’ shapes.
   b) The nuclei of eukaryotic cells are surrounded by complex nuclear membranes.
   c) The genomes of eukaryotic cells are usually packaged in single circular chromosomes.
   d) The organelles of eukaryotic cells are held in place by semipermeable exoskeletons.

3. Which statement describes eukaryotic flagella?
   a) Eukaryotic flagella can cover the entire surface of a cell.
   b) Eukaryotic flagella are rotating structures.
   c) Eukaryotic flagella have twelve pairs of microtubules.
   d) Eukaryotic flagella are flexible, whip-like structures.

4. Which statement describes the endomembrane system?
   a) It is attached to the smooth endoplasmic reticulum and makes proteins for insertion into the cell membrane.
   b) It includes the Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and vesicles.
   c) It is a system that uses diffusion to transport materials inside of the cell.
   d) It lacks membrane-bound organelles.

Lesson 2 Quiz

1. Which organelle is involved in energy production?
   a) Golgi apparatus
   b) Mitochondria
   c) Lysosome
   d) Ribosome

2. What is the function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
   a) Lipid synthesis
   b) Protein synthesis
   c) Detoxification
   d) Storage of genetic material

3. Which of these is NOT a feature of mitochondria?
   a) Double membrane
   b) Own DNA
   c) Photosynthesis capability
   d) Production of ATP

Lesson 3 Quiz

1. What type of macromolecule are enzymes?
   a) Lipids
   b) Carbohydrates
   c) Proteins
   d) Nucleic acids

2. Which molecule carries genetic information?
   a) DNA
   b) RNA
   c) ATP
   d) Protein

3. What is the primary structure of a protein?
   a) The sequence of amino acids
   b) The 3D folding pattern
   c) Multiple polypeptides combined
   d) Chemical modification of amino acids

Lesson 4 Quiz

1. Which cellular process involves the movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
   a) Active transport
   b) Diffusion
   c) Endocytosis
   d) Exocytosis

2. Which organelle is responsible for digesting cellular waste?
   a) Lysosome
   b) Ribosome
   c) Golgi apparatus
   d) Mitochondria

Lesson 5 Quiz

1. What is the function of ribosomes?
   a) Synthesis of DNA
   b) Protein synthesis
   c) Lipid metabolism
   d) Energy production

2. What part of the cell controls what enters and leaves?
   a) Cytoplasm
   b) Cell membrane
   c) Nucleus
   d) Golgi apparatus

Lesson 6 Quiz

1. What is the fluid mosaic model?
   a) Description of cytoskeleton
   b) Description of cell membrane structure
   c) Description of mitochondria function
   d) Description of nucleus shape

2. Which molecule is a major component of the cell membrane?
   a) Protein
   b) Carbohydrate
   c) Phospholipid
   d) DNA

Lesson 7 Quiz

1. What does ATP stand for?
   a) Adenosine triphosphate
   b) Adenine triphosphate
   c) Adenosine diphosphate
   d) Adenine diphosphate

2. ATP is primarily used for what in the cell?
   a) Genetic information
   b) Energy storage and transfer
   c) Protein synthesis
   d) Structural support

Lesson 8 Quiz

1. What is the role of the Golgi apparatus?
   a) Protein modification and packaging
   b) Energy production
   c) Photosynthesis
   d) DNA replication

2. Which of these is involved in vesicle transport?
   a) Microtubules
   b) Lysosomes
   c) Ribosomes
   d) Chloroplasts

Lesson 9 Quiz

1. What is the purpose of cellular respiration?
   a) To produce glucose
   b) To produce ATP
   c) To synthesize proteins
   d) To replicate DNA

2. Where in the cell does cellular respiration primarily take place?
   a) Nucleus
   b) Mitochondria
   c) Cytoplasm
   d) Golgi apparatus

Section 1 Test

1. Compare prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. List three major differences.

2. Explain the role of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells.

3. Describe the 9+2 microtubule arrangement in eukaryotic flagella.

4. What organelles make up the endomembrane system?

5. What is the function of mitochondria and what makes them unique?

Section 2 Quizzes & Test

Lesson 10 Quiz

1. Which macromolecule is the primary component of the cell wall in plants?
   a) Cellulose
   b) Chitin
   c) Peptidoglycan
   d) Glycogen

2. What molecule stores genetic information in viruses?
   a) DNA or RNA
   b) Proteins
   c) Lipids
   d) Carbohydrates

Lesson 11 Quiz

1. What is binary fission?
   a) A type of sexual reproduction in eukaryotes
   b) A type of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes
   c) A method of protein synthesis
   d) A process of cell death

2. Which structure helps bacteria stick to surfaces?
   a) Flagella
   b) Pili
   c) Capsule
   d) Ribosomes

Lesson 12 Quiz

1. Which stage of bacterial growth involves rapid cell division?
   a) Lag phase
   b) Log phase
   c) Stationary phase
   d) Death phase

2. What is a plasmid?
   a) A chromosome in prokaryotes
   b) A small DNA molecule independent of the chromosome
   c) A ribosome
   d) A type of protein

Lesson 13 Quiz

1. What are endospores?
   a) Bacterial reproductive spores
   b) Dormant, resistant forms of bacteria
   c) Fungal spores
   d) Viral particles

2. Which condition is endospore formation a response to?
   a) Optimal growth conditions
   b) Environmental stress
   c) Abundance of nutrients
   d) Viral infection

D311: Microbiology Lesson Quizzes & Section Tests Overview

Lesson 14 Quiz

1. What is the function of antibiotics?
   a) Kill or inhibit bacteria
   b) Kill viruses
   c) Enhance bacterial growth
   d) Digest nutrients

2. Which bacterial structure is a common antibiotic target?
   a) Cell wall
   b) Ribosome
   c) Capsule
   d) Pili

Lesson 15 Quiz

1. What is horizontal gene transfer?
   a) Transfer of genes from parent to offspring
   b) Transfer of genes between unrelated bacteria
   c) Mutation of genes within a single bacterium
   d) Loss of genes over time

2. Which process involves the uptake of DNA from the environment?
   a) Conjugation
   b) Transformation
   c) Transduction
   d) Translation

Section 2 Test

1. Describe the process of binary fission in bacteria.

2. Explain the role of pili and capsules in bacterial survival.

3. Outline the stages of bacterial growth in culture.

4. What are endospores and why are they important?

5. How do antibiotics target bacteria without harming human cells?

Section 3 Quizzes & Test

Lesson 16 Quiz

1. What is the central dogma of molecular biology?
   a) Protein to RNA to DNA
   b) DNA to RNA to Protein
   c) RNA to DNA to Protein
   d) DNA to Protein to RNA

2. What enzyme synthesizes RNA from a DNA template?
   a) DNA polymerase
   b) RNA polymerase
   c) Ligase
   d) Helicase

Lesson 17 Quiz

1. What are codons?
   a) DNA sequences coding for proteins
   b) Three-nucleotide sequences on mRNA that specify amino acids
   c) RNA molecules that carry amino acids
   d) Protein structures

2. What is the role of tRNA?
   a) Carries genetic code from DNA to ribosome
   b) Carries amino acids to the ribosome
   c) Synthesizes proteins
   d) Transcribes DNA to RNA

Lesson 18 Quiz

1. What is the function of the ribosome?
   a) DNA replication
   b) Protein synthesis
   c) RNA transcription
   d) Cell signaling

2. Where in the cell do ribosomes synthesize proteins?
   a) Cytoplasm and rough ER
   b) Nucleus
   c) Golgi apparatus
   d) Lysosomes

Lesson 19 Quiz

1. What is a mutation?
   a) A change in DNA sequence
   b) Protein synthesis
   c) DNA replication
   d) RNA transcription

2. Which type of mutation does NOT change the amino acid sequence?
   a) Nonsense mutation
   b) Missense mutation
   c) Silent mutation
   d) Frameshift mutation

Lesson 20 Quiz

1. What is genetic engineering?
   a) Natural mutation process
   b) Direct manipulation of an organism’s genes
   c) Protein synthesis
   d) DNA replication

2. Which tool is commonly used to cut DNA at specific sites?
   a) DNA polymerase
   b) Restriction enzymes
   c) RNA polymerase
   d) Ligase

Section 3 Test

1. Explain the central dogma of molecular biology.

2. Describe the roles of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA in protein synthesis.

3. What types of mutations exist and how can they affect proteins?

4. Outline the basics of genetic engineering techniques.

5. How do restriction enzymes work and what are their uses?