D312 Section 3 – Lab Questions on Skeletal Anatomy & Structure

D312 Section 3 – Lab Questions on Skeletal Anatomy & Structure

Student Name

Western Governors University

D312 Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab

Prof. Name:

Date

D312: Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab

Section 3 – Skeletal Anatomy and Structure of Bones and Bones of the Head and Neck

These are the questions for the labs from the course material.
Each question includes the correct answer in bold and an explanation for each option.
Questions marked “No explanation needed” are labeled parts only.

1. Which bone cells are entrapped in the bone matrix?

a. Osteoclast cells – Incorrect. Osteoclasts are large, multinucleated cells responsible for bone resorption (breaking down old bone), not for being entrapped in the matrix.
b. Osteogenic cells – Incorrect. These are stem cells that form osteoblasts and are found in the periosteum and endosteum, not within the matrix.
c. Osteoblast cells – Incorrect. Osteoblasts build new bone matrix but are not trapped in it; instead, they secrete the matrix.
d. Osteocyte cells – Correct. Osteocytes are mature bone cells derived from osteoblasts that become trapped in the bone matrix within lacunae.

2. What is the name of the tissue labeled A?

Answer: Spongy Bone
(No explanation needed)

3. What is the name of the tissue labeled B?

Answer: Bone Marrow
(No explanation needed)

4. What is the name of the tissue labeled C?

Answer: Compact Bone
(No explanation needed)

5. What is the name of the tissue labeled D?

Answer: Periosteum
(No explanation needed)

6. Review the diagram of the structure of a long bone. Which statement is true about the diaphysis labeled D?

a. The diaphysis is comprised of compact bone and cartilage. – Incorrect. The diaphysis contains compact bone, but not cartilage except at growth plates.
b. The diaphysis is comprised mostly of compact bone. – Correct. The diaphysis is the shaft of a long bone and is primarily compact bone, providing strength.
c. The diaphysis is comprised of spongy bone and cartilage. – Incorrect. Spongy bone is mainly found in the epiphyses.
d. The diaphysis is comprised mostly of spongy bone. – Incorrect. Spongy bone is minimal in the diaphysis.

7. Which image is classified as an irregular-shaped bone?

a. A – Long bones are longer than they are wide; not irregular.
b. B – Sesamoid bones are small and embedded in tendons; not irregular.
c. C – Flat bones are thin and broad; not irregular.
d. D – Correct. Irregular bones have complex shapes, such as vertebrae, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.

8. Which type of bone is labeled A?

a. Irregular bones – Incorrect. Not complex-shaped.
b. Short bones – Incorrect. Equal in width and length, found in carpals/tarsals.
c. Long bones – Correct. Long bones have a cylindrical shaft (diaphysis), expanded ends, and are mostly compact bone with internal spongy bone.
d. Flat bones – Incorrect. Flat and thin, not elongated.

9. Bones that surround the spinal cord are classified as ________ bones.

a. Flat – Incorrect. Flat bones protect organs (e.g., skull, ribs).
b. Irregular – Correct. Vertebrae surrounding the spinal cord are irregularly shaped.
c. Short – Incorrect. Found in wrists and ankles.
d. Sesamoid – Incorrect. Embedded in tendons (e.g., patella).

D312 Section 3 – Lab Questions on Skeletal Anatomy & Structure

10. What is the classification of bones labeled A and B?

a. Long bone – Correct. Examples: humerus, radius, ulna, femur, tibia, fibula, metacarpals, and phalanges.
b. Flat bone – Incorrect. Includes skull bones, ribs, and sternum.
c. Irregular bone – Incorrect. Includes vertebrae and certain skull bones.
d. Short bone – Incorrect. Includes carpals and tarsals.

11. What is part of the axial skeleton?

a. Thigh bones – Incorrect. Part of the appendicular skeleton.
b. Vertebral column – Correct. The axial skeleton includes the skull, vertebral column, and thoracic cage.
c. Foot bones – Incorrect. Appendicular skeleton.
d. Shoulder bones – Incorrect. Appendicular skeleton.

12. The appendicular skeleton ________.

a. Forms the vertical axis of the body – Incorrect. That’s the axial skeleton.
b. Includes all bones of the body trunk and limbs – Incorrect; it excludes the trunk’s axial bones.
c. Consists of 126 bones – Correct. The appendicular skeleton includes upper and lower limbs and their girdles.
d. Is comprised of bones of the lower and upper limbs only – Incorrect; also includes pectoral and pelvic girdles.