D312 Nervous System Lab Questions and Explanations

Student Name

Western Governors University

D312 Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab

Prof. Name:

Date

D312: Anatomy and Physiology I with Lab

Section 5 – Nervous System

1. Which structures are part of the central nervous system? (Select three answers)

a. Somatic nerves
b. Medulla oblongata
c. Pons
d. Spinal cord

2. What is the name of the part of the neuron labeled A?

Terminal arborizations – branches of the axon whose tips form synaptic knobs that make synapses with other neurons, muscles, or glands.

3. What is the name of the part of the neuron labeled B?

Axon – a single process that arises from the hillock of the soma and carries information to other neurons, muscles, glands, or lymphatic tissue.

4. What is the name of the part of the neuron labeled C?

Soma – the cell body of the neuron that surrounds the nucleus.

5. What is the name of the part of the neuron labeled D?

Dendrites – short, cytoplasmic branches that radiate from the soma and receive input from the axons of other neurons.

6. Which part of a neuron carries information to other neurons, muscles, glands, or lymphatic tissue?

a. Axon – The axon carries information away from the cell body to other neurons or tissues.
b. Soma – Integrates signals but does not transmit them.
c. Cell body – Same as soma; not responsible for transmission.
d. Dendrites – Receive signals, not transmit them.

7. What is the name of the area labeled A? (No explanation needed)

a. Broca’s area
b. Motor association area
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Wernicke’s area
e. Visual association area

8. What is the name of the area labeled B? (No explanation needed)

a. Broca’s area
b. Motor association area
c. Prefrontal cortex
d. Wernicke’s area
e. Visual association area

9. Which lobe is responsible for motor speech production, cognitive thought and memory, and planning?

a. A
b. B
c. C – Frontal lobe (contains Broca’s area)
d. D

10. Which lobe contains sensory association and body orientation?

a. A
b. B – Parietal lobe (responsible for sensory association and body orientation)
c. C
d. D

11. Which lobe is responsible for the interpretation of visual information?

a. A – Occipital lobe (contains primary visual and visual association areas)
b. B
c. C
d. D

12. Which lobe controls the sense of hearing and smell, emotions, learning, and memory retrieval processes?

a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D – Temporal lobe (contains Wernicke’s area for speech comprehension)

13. Which arteries supply the brain? (Select two answers, no explanation needed)

a. Aortic arteries
b. Bilateral internal carotid arteries
c. Bilateral vertebral arteries
d. Internal jugular arteries

14. What is the only source of energy for the brain? (No explanation needed)

a. Complex carbohydrates
b. Lipids
c. Proteins
d. Glucose

15. Which substances can pass through the blood-brain barrier? (Select three answers, no explanation needed)

a. Alcohol
b. Anesthetics
c. Antibiotics
d. Glucose
e. Proteins

16. Which structure produces cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)?

a. Dural sinuses – Drain venous blood from the brain.
b. Choroid plexus – Secretory tissue producing CSF.
c. Meninges – Protect and support the brain, but do not produce CSF.
d. Pia mater – Inner layer attached to brain surface.

17. Where is gray matter located in the spinal cord?

a. Dorsal horn – Region of gray matter receiving sensory input.
b. Dorsal column – White matter tract carrying sensory fibers.
c. Ventral column – Motor neuron region (gray matter, anterior).
d. Central canal – CSF-filled canal, not gray matter.

18. Electrical synapses (gap junctions) are present in which type of muscle? (Select two answers, no explanation needed)

a. Cardiac muscle
b. Skeletal muscle
c. Smooth muscle
d. Voluntary muscle

19. Which term describes a bundle of axons in the peripheral nervous system?

a. Ganglion – Group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery.
b. Nerve – Bundle of axons in the PNS.
c. Tract – Bundle of axons in the CNS.
d. Nucleus – Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the CNS.

20. Which type of glial cell is the resident macrophage behind the blood-brain barrier?

a. Astrocyte – Maintain homeostasis and BBB structure, not macrophages.
b. Schwann cell – Found in the PNS, not behind the BBB.
c. Microglia – Resident macrophages of the CNS.
d. Satellite cell – Support neurons in PNS ganglia.

21. What is a neural synapse?

a. Central cavity within the brain where CSF circulates – Incorrect (ventricle)
b. Group of neuron cell bodies in the periphery – Incorrect (ganglion)
c. Specialized junction mediating information transfer between neurons – Correct
d. Bundle of axons in the CNS – Incorrect (tract)