SOCS 185 Week 8 Population and Social Change

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Chamberlain University

SOCS-185 Culture and Society

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Urban growth, the increase in population size within a specific area due to advancements and developments, is examined differently by structural-functionalists, symbolic-interactionists, and social-conflict theorists. The structural-functionalists emphasize the role of societal institutions in urban growth. They argue that family, education, religion, and cultural values collectively create a favorable environment for population growth. As Shevky and Bell describe, “Social area analysis examines urban population in terms of economic status, family status, and ethnic classification” (Kendall, 2018, p. 473). Families provide support and rear children, schools facilitate socialization, and religious and cultural values instill principles and beliefs that guide community growth. These factors encourage migration and the establishment of families in urban areas, thereby contributing to population growth.

In contrast, the social-conflict theory focuses on inequality, power, and resource distribution as driving forces of urban growth. This perspective highlights how class conflict, capital investment, and unequal access to resources create social issues like poverty, homelessness, and crime (Kendall, 2018, p. 474). Those in power or higher socioeconomic classes monopolize resources, leaving disadvantaged groups at risk. This unequal distribution not only contributes to urban growth but also exacerbates social tensions.

The symbolic-interactionist perspective shifts focus to the micro-level, examining everyday interactions and symbols in urban settings. This theory explores how individuals adapt behaviors and social norms in response to urban environments. Personal experiences, such as noticing differences in behavior between urban residents in New York City and those in rural Colorado, demonstrate how urban growth influences social interactions. People in densely populated cities often adopt reserved and indifferent attitudes, while those in less developed areas display greater warmth and approachability. This theory contrasts with the macro-level focus of the structural-functional and conflict perspectives.

From a sociological perspective, collective behavior refers to voluntary and often spontaneous actions by a large group of people that challenge dominant norms and values. These behaviors aim to address social inequalities, with social change emerging as a potential outcome. Collective behavior includes phenomena like crowd behavior, mass movements, and public opinion. While such behaviors may lead to significant societal shifts, they often lack structure and may result in violence or chaos.

For example, informational social influence can drive collective behavior when individuals mimic others’ actions during uncertain situations (Bäck et al., 2018, p. 50). This influence amplifies collective actions, potentially leading to widespread social change. A notable case is the Civil Rights Movement, where collective behavior, led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr., catalyzed the end of racial segregation. The movement evolved through stages: speeches raised awareness, social movements like the March on Washington garnered support, and political reforms followed.